Understanding Common Cardiovascular Diseases

Your heart is a vital organ that pumps blood, oxygen, and nutrients to every part of your body. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels, and they are among the leading causes of illness and death worldwide.

The causes of heart diseases vary based on the specific type. For example, plaque buildup in the arteries (atherosclerosis) can lead to coronary artery disease. Problems like scarring in the heart, genetics, or certain medications can cause irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias). Aging, infections, or conditions like rheumatic disease can damage the heart valves.

Below are two examples of common cardiovascular diseases.

Coronary Artery Disease

What is it? Coronary artery disease occurs when the arteries supplying blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked by fatty deposits called plaques. This process is known as atherosclerosis.

• Chest pain or discomfort (angina)
• Shortness of breath
• Fatigue, especially during physical activity

Prevention Tips:

• Eat a heart-healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein.
• Exercise regularly (at least 150 minutes of moderate activity per week).
• Avoid smoking and limit alcohol intake.
• Manage your blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels.

Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

What is it? Hypertension occurs when the force of blood against the artery walls is consistently too high, making the heart work harder than normal.

Symptoms:

• Often called a “silent killer” because it may not cause noticeable symptoms.

Prevention Tips:

• Eat a healthy, well-balanced diet that is lower in salt and saturated fats.
• Maintain a healthy weight.
• Exercise regularly.

Key Takeaways for a Healthy Heart

1. Know your risk: Factors like age, family history, smoking, poor diet, physical inactivity, obesity, high blood pressure, and diabetes can increase your risk of heart disease.
2. Regular check-ups: See your healthcare provider for routine screenings and discuss your heart health.

By making small, consistent lifestyle changes and staying informed, you can significantly reduce your risk of cardiovascular diseases and enjoy a healthier, longer life.