Here are a few things to consider when evaluating your risk of developing breast cancer — and what you can do to prevent it.
1. Your Genetics and Family History
You should look at first, second, and third-degree relatives who had breast cancer, especially if any of them were diagnosed before menopause, because that may indicate a hereditary inclination. If a family member has ovarian cancer, that’s important to note because ovarian cancer is linked in many cases to breast cancer. You should also consider males in your family who have had breast cancer. Associated cancers in the family, such as colon, uterine, prostate, pancreatic, etc. should be considered, as they can be linked to the BRCA mutation. When you talk to your doctor, don't just give them the history of your mom’s side of the family – discuss your dad’s side’s medical history as well.
2. Personal Medical History
Consider any other diseases that you have had – even if they were not cancer – so your treating doctor can understand if they are connected to your risk of a mutation that contributes to your risk of cancer. If you had any surgeries, such as a gynecological procedure, that should be considered. Endocrine conditions, including thyroid disorders, can also be linked to breast cancer. Even skin disorders could help your doctor in understanding if you have a link. Thinking about your own breast history (even if you haven't had cancer before) is also important.
3. Hormonal History
Breast cancer is driven by estrogen, which is why this is more common in women. Women should consider how long they have been exposed to that monthly cycle of estrogen, starting at menarche (or a woman’s first period) through menopause. If a woman starts to menstruate early and then experiences menopause on the later side, that woman has been exposed to estrogen cycling through her body more than a woman who experienced a period later in life and an earlier menopause.
4. Age
Age is important. Our risk of breast cancer increases as we age. Do not skip your mammograms. Best practice is to attend all of your annual mammograms, starting at age 40.
5. Lifestyle
We need a diet that is rich in fresh vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, and low in processed food and animal fat. Exercise independent of diet is important. Looking at your BMI instead of your weight is critical. BMI will show you how much muscle vs. fat is on your body. Fat increases storage of estrogen, which increases risk of breast cancer. We encourage exercise three times a week at least, and 30 minutes per day. Cigarettes increase your risk of breast and other cancers and should be avoided completely.
If you have questions about your risk of breast cancer or any other health concern, please reach out through your Summus Dashboard.